The POSIX directory permissions are a little tricky at first: in this asciicast I show how to use a prepared Docker image with two configured users to give a try to them.
The x bit in a directory indicates the traversal permission: if you don’t have it you can’t access the content of the directory (i.e. the files).
The r bit is instead the read permission: it allows you to read the directory content, the files contained in it.
The x bit has priority: if you can read the name of the files but cannot traverse the directory, you cannot access the files themself.